créé Nouvelle page {{Pas fini}} {| align="right" class="wikitable" | colspan="2" |'''Rafe |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background:white;height:100px"| ֿ |- | Apparence similaire | style="background:white" | ((macron)) |- | colspan="2" |Exemple |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background:white;height:50px"| פֿיש |- | colspan="2" style="width:250px;background:white" | ''fish'' (« poisson » en ((yiddish))) ; la ligne au-dessus du ((pe (lettre)|pei)) est un ''rafè''. |- | colspan="2" |Autres ((Niqqoud|signes diacritiques)) |- | colspan="2" style="width:250px;background:white"|((Shva)){{·}}((Hiriq)){{·}}((Tzere)){{·}}((Segol)){{·}}((Patah)){{·}}((Kamatz)){{·}}((Holam)){{·}}((Daguech dur)){{·}}((Daguech doux)){{·}}((Mappiq)){{·}}((Shourouk)){{·}}((Kouboutz)){{·}}((Shin (lettre)#Le shin en hébreu|Point du Sin et du Shin)) |} In ((Hebrew language|Hebrew)) ((orthography)) the '''rafe''', also '''raphe''' (Hebrew: רפה, {{IPA-he|ʀaˈfe|pron}}, meaning "weak, limp"), is a ((diacritic)) ֿ : a short horizontal overbar placed above certain letters to indicate that they are to be ((pronunciation|pronounced)) as ((fricative))s. It originated with the ((Tiberian Hebrew|Tiberian)) ((Masoretes)) as part of the extended system of ''((niqqud))'' (vowel points), and has the opposite meaning to ''((dagesh)) qal'', showing that one of the letters ((ב))((ג))((ד))((כ))((פ))((ת)) is to be pronounced as a ((fricative)) and not as a ((plosive)), or (sometimes) that a consonant is single and not double; or, as the opposite to a ''((mappiq))'', to show that the letters ((ה)) or ((א)) are silent (''((mater lectionis))''). The rafe generally fell out of use for Hebrew with the coming of printing, although according to ((Wilhelm Gesenius|Gesenius)) (1813) at that time it could still be found in a few places in printed ((Hebrew Bible))s, where the absence of a ''dagesh'' or a ''mappiq'' was particularly to be noted.p.52, ''Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar'', 14th ed, translated by T.J. Conant. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1853. Available online at ((Google book search|Google books)). ==Yiddish/Ladino== It retained some currency in ((Yiddish)) and ((Ladino language|Ladino)), particularly to distinguish /p/ (פּ, ''((Pe (letter)|pey))'') from /f/ (פֿ, ''fey''), and to mark non-pronounced consonants. {| class="wikitable" |- !! colspan=1 | Nom !! colspan=1 | Symbole !! colspan=1 | ((:en:help:IPA|IPA)) !! colspan=1 | ((Translittération)) !! colspan=1 | Exemple |- | Pey | align=center | {{Hébreu|1= פ }} | align="center" | {{IPA|/p/}} | align="center" | p | align="center" | '''p'''an |- | Fey | align=center | {{Hébreu|1= פֿ }} | align="center" | {{IPA|/f/}} | align="center" | f | align="center" | '''f'''an |- |} == Références == {{Références}} {{Portail|écriture}} ((Catégorie:Massora)) ((en:rafe))