Pain scale - News by PLAZOO

Reverted edits by 69.27.22.70 to last revision by ZooFari (HG) ← Previous revision Revision as of 20:55, 4 November 2009 Line 1: Line 1: - There is no such thing as a pain scale. + {{Expert-subject|Medicine|date=August 2008}} + A '''pain scale''' measures a ((patient))'s ((pain)) intensity or other features. Pain scales are based on self-report, observational (behavioral), or physiological data. Self-report is considered primary and should be obtained if possible. Pain scales are available for neonates, infants, children, adolescents, adults, seniors, and persons whose communication is impaired. Pain scores are sometimes regarded as "the Fifth ((Vital Signs|Vital Sign))." + + {| class="wikitable" border="1" + |+ Examples of pain scales + |- + ! + ! Self-report + ! Observational + ! Physiological + |- + | Infant + | — + | Premature Infant Pain Profile; Neonatal/Infant Pain Scale + | — + |- + | Child + | Faces Pain Scale - Revised;<ref>{{cite web | url = http://painsourcebook.ca/docs/pps92.html | work = Pediatric Pain Sourcebook of Protocols, Policies and Pamphlets | title = The Faces Pain Scale – Revised | date = 7 August 2007 }}</ref> Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale; Coloured Analogue Scale<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Stinson | first1 = JN | last2 = Kavanagh | first2 = T | last3 = Yamada | first3 = J | last4 = Gill | first4 = N | last5 = Stevens | first5 = B | title = Systematic review of the psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents | journal = ((Pain (journal)|Pain)) | year = 2006 | month = November | volume = 125 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 143–57 | pmid = 16777328}}</ref> + | FLACC (Face Legs Arms Cry Consolability Scale); CHEOPS (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = von Baeyer | first1 = C.L. | last2 = Spagrud | first2 = L.J. | year = 2007 | title = Systematic review of observational (behavioral) measures of pain for children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years | journal = ((Pain (journal)|Pain)) | volume = 127 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 140–150 | pmid = 16996689}}</ref> + | Comfort + |- + | adult + | Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11, NRS-101); Visual Analog Scale; Brief Pain Inventory + | — + | — + |} + + == Partial list of pain measurement scales == +  + {{Expand list|date=August 2008}} + *Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.promotingexcellence.org/i4a/pages/Index.cfm?pageID=3369 | title = Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale | work = Promoting Excellence in End-of-Life Care}}</ref> + * Visual analog scale (VAS)<ref name="pmid6184474">{{cite journal |author=Huskisson EC |title=Measurement of pain |journal=J. Rheumatol. |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=768–9 |year=1982 |pmid=6184474 |doi= |url= }}</ref> + * ((McGill Pain Questionnaire)) (MPQ)<ref name="pmid1235985">{{cite journal |author=Melzack R |title=The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods |journal=Pain |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=277–99 |year=1975 |month=September |pmid=1235985 |doi= 10.1016/0304-3959(75)90044-5|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-3959(75)90044-5 |accessdate=2008-05-26}}</ref> + * Descriptor differential scale (DDS)<ref name="pmid3226757">{{cite journal |author=Gracely RH, Kwilosz DM |title=The Descriptor Differential Scale: applying psychophysical principles to clinical pain assessment |journal=Pain |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=279–88 |year=1988 |month=December |pmid=3226757 |doi= 10.1016/0304-3959(88)90138-8|url= }}</ref> + * Faces Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R)<ref name="pmid11427329">{{cite journal |author=Hicks CL, von Baeyer CL, Spafford PA, van Korlaar I, Goodenough B |title=The Faces Pain Scale-Revised: toward a common metric in pediatric pain measurement |journal=Pain |volume=93 |issue=2 |pages=173–83 |year=2001 |month=August |pmid=11427329 |doi= 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00314-1|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304-3959(01)00314-1 |accessdate=2008-05-26}}(http://painsourcebook.ca/docs/pps92.html Instructions in many languages and images)</ref> + * Numerical 11 point box (BS-11)<ref name="pmid2520397">{{cite journal |author=Jensen MP, Karoly P, O'Riordan EF, Bland F, Burns RS |title=The subjective experience of acute pain. An assessment of the utility of 10 indices |journal=Clin J Pain |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=153–9 |year=1989 |month=June |pmid=2520397 |doi= |url= }}</ref> + * Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11)<ref name="pmid17166126">{{cite journal |author=Hartrick CT, Kovan JP, Shapiro S |title=The numeric rating scale for clinical pain measurement: a ratio measure? |journal=Pain Pract |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=310–6 |year=2003 |month=December |pmid=17166126 |doi=10.1111/j.1530-7085.2003.03034.x |url= }}</ref> + * ((Dolorimeter)) Pain Index (DPI)<ref name=Hardy1952>{{cite book | author = Hardy, J.D. | coauthors = Wolff, H.G.; Goodell, H. | year = 1952 | title = Pain Sensations and Reactions | publisher = The Williams & Wilkins Co | location = Baltimore | id = {{ASIN|B0006ASZ92}}}} </ref> + * Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)<ref name="pmid8080219">{{cite journal |author=Cleeland CS, Ryan KM |title=Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory |journal=Ann. Acad. Med. Singap. |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=129–38 |year=1994 |month=March |pmid=8080219 |doi= |url= }}</ref> + * Walid-Robinson Pain Index (WRI) = Intensity upon admission (0–10) × Length (in months).<ref name="pmid18027538">{{cite journal + |author=Walid MS, Hyer L, Ajjan M, Barth AC, Robinson JS Jr. + |title=Prevalence of opioid dependence in spine surgery patients and correlation with length of stay + |journal=J Opioid Manag. + |volume=3 + |issue=3 + |pages=127–132 + |year=2007 + |pmid=18027538 + |doi= + |issn=1551-7489 + }}</ref><ref>Walid MS, Hyer LA, Ajjan M, Robinson JS: Predicting Opioid-Dependence Using Pain Intensity and Length of Pain Suffering in Pre-Spine-Surgery Patients. The Internet J Pain, Symptom Control and Palliative Care. 2007; Volume 5, Number 2.</ref> + * DSPI=(ΣX*Y)*100 where X is the highest pain level and Y is the percentage of this pain level in the group. The DSPI is different from the simple numeric 0–10 scale in that it is measured for a group of patients with a specific diagnosis whereas the numeric 0–10 pain scale is administered individually.<ref>{{cite journal + |author=Walid MS, Zaytseva NV + |title=Pain in Nursing Home Residents and Correlation with Neuropsychiatric Disorders + |journal=Pain Physician + |volume=12 + |issue=5 + |pages=877-880 + |year=2009 + |pmid= + |doi= + |issn=1533-3159 + }}</ref> + + ===Specialized tests=== + * Pediatric Pain Questionnaire (PPQ)<ref name="pmid3822493">{{cite journal |author=Varni JW, Thompson KL, Hanson V |title=The Varni/Thompson Pediatric Pain Questionnaire. I. Chronic musculoskeletal pain in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis |journal=Pain |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=27–38 |year=1987 |month=January |pmid=3822493 |doi= 10.1016/0304-3959(87)91056-6|url= }}</ref> for measuring pain in children + * Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP)<ref name="pmid10617258">{{cite journal |author=Ballantyne M, Stevens B, McAllister M, Dionne K, Jack A |title=Validation of the premature infant pain profile in the clinical setting |journal=Clin J Pain |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=297–303 |year=1999 |month=December |pmid=10617258 |doi= 10.1097/00002508-199912000-00006|url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0749-8047&volume=15&issue=4&spage=297 |accessdate=2008-05-26}}</ref> for measuring pain in ((Premature birth|premature infants)) + * ((Schmidt Sting Pain Index))<ref name=Schmidt1990>{{cite book |author=Schmidt, Justin O.; Evans, David |title=Hymenopteran venoms: striving toward the ultimate defense against vertebrates; ''chapter in'' Insect defenses: adaptive mechanisms and strategies of prey and predators |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albany, N.Y |year=1990 |pages= 387–419 |isbn=0-88706-896-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> and ((Starr sting pain scale))<ref name=Starr1985>{{cite journal | author = Starr, C.K. | year = 1985 | title = A simple pain scale for field comparison of Hymenopteran stings | journal = Journal of Entomological Science | volume = 20 | issue = 2 | pages = 225–231}}</ref> both for insect stings + * Colorado Behavioral Numerical Pain Scale (for sedated patients)<ref name="pmid12488689">{{cite journal |author=Salmore R |title=Development of a new pain scale: Colorado Behavioral Numerical Pain Scale for sedated adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal procedures |journal=Gastroenterol Nurs |volume=25 |issue=6 |pages=257–62 |year=2002 |pmid=12488689 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=1042-895X&volume=25&issue=6&spage=257 |accessdate=2008-05-26}}</ref> + + ==Notes== + {{reflist|2}} + + {{Pain}} + {{General symptoms and signs}} + + ((Category:Pain)) + ((Category:Pain scales| )) + ((Category:Symptoms)) + + ((ja:フェイススケール)) + ((sv:Smärttrappan))